The Galapagos Islands, located about 600 miles (965 km) off the coast of Ecuador, are one of the world’s most scientifically significant and ecologically unique destinations. Known as the Enchanted Isles, this volcanic archipelago gained global recognition following Charles Darwin’s visit in 1835, which shaped his groundbreaking theory of natural selection. Today, the Galapagos stand as a living laboratory of evolution and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Renowned for their unparalleled biodiversity and high levels of endemism, the islands are home to over 9,000 recorded species, with more than 2,900 species existing nowhere else on Earth. These unique creatures thrive in distinct habitats, from arid volcanic landscapes to nutrient-rich marine ecosystems.
The waters surrounding the Galapagos are among the richest marine ecosystems globally, designated as a Marine Reserve and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. With over 2,900 marine species, including 400 species of fish, this underwater paradise is a hotspot of biodiversity. Iconic species such as the Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis), whale shark (Rhincodon typus), and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) inhabit these nutrient-rich waters, alongside manta rays, colorful reef fish, and thriving coral reefs.
The Galapagos Islands’ terrestrial ecosystems host some of the most unique species on Earth. The iconic Galapagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis spp.), weighing up to 500 pounds (227 kg) and living over 100 years, symbolizes the archipelago’s ancient heritage. Endemic land iguanas (Conolophus spp.) and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) are found sunbathing on the rocky shores, while the critically endangered Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) stands as the only penguin species to inhabit the tropics.
Birdwatchers will marvel at the islands’ 56 native bird species, including Darwin’s finches, blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii), and great and magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata spp.), all of which have adapted to their specific ecological niches.
As the largest and most volcanically active island, Isabela Island offers an extraordinary range of habitats. Its six active volcanoes have shaped its rugged terrain, creating diverse environments where species such as the Isabela tortoise (Chelonoidis guntheri), American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber), and Galapagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis) thrive.
The island’s coastal waters attract abundant marine life, including Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) and migratory species like whale sharks during seasonal feeding events. Inland, mangroves, wetlands, and volcanic craters support rich plant life and endemic bird species, making Isabela a must-visit for nature enthusiasts and researchers alike.
Our land-based program allows guests to explore Isabela and Santa Cruz Islands and their surroundings, offering the chance to see 12 of the 15 emblematic species of the Galapagos.
